Citation :

Fatima Ezzohra EL GARCHANI, Moulay Rachid KABIRI, "Corrosion Test Characterization of the Effects of Lamellar and Pitting Corrosion on Aluminum Alloys AA2024T3," International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), vol. 74, no. 10, pp. 86-94, 2026. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V74I10P107

Abstract

The susceptibility of AA2024-T4 aluminum alloy to pitting and lamellar corrosion was investigated. The experimental study was conducted using EXCO immersion and anodic polarization tests at -720 mV in aerated and unventilated 1N H₂SO₄-based solutions, as well as salt spray tests at 20°C and 40°C. Forced convection using a drying oven at 80°C was carried out to assess weight loss. Electrical conductivity was measured using the eddy current method at frequencies of 60 kHz and 480 kHz. The results showed that the corrosion rate of the aluminum alloy increased with increasing temperature, whereas the forced convection drying oven test did not have a significant influence on the corrosion rate. Additionally, the evolution of electrical conductivity at depth, measured at 60 kHz, was generally positive, whereas a negative evolution was observed at the surface at 480 kHz. The effect of heat treatment on the microstructure of the AA2024-T3 alloy following the immersion test was also analyzed.

Keywords

Lamellar corrosion, Pitting corrosion, Forced convection drying oven, Electrical conductivity, Weight loss.

References

1. Robert L. Ferry, and J. Randolph Kissell, Aluminum Structures: A Guide to Their Specifications and Design, John Wiley et Sons Ltd, 2022.
   [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]   
2. Christian Vargel, Corrosion of Aluminium, 2^nd Ed., Elsevier, 2022.
   [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
3. Vakpak65 Containers and Wraps, VakCo Heat Treating Supplies, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://vakcousa.com/vakpak65-containers-and-wraps/
4. H. Sehitoglu, T. Foglesong, and H.J. Maier, “Precipitate Effects on the Mechanical Behavior of Aluminum Copper Alloys: Part I. Experiments,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 749-761, 2005.
   [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] 
5. AMS2770 Heat Treatment of Aluminum and Aluminum-base Alloys, 2022. [Online]. Available : https://saemobilus.sae.org/standards/ams2770-heat-treatment-aluminum-aluminum-base-alloys
6. Benedetta M. Kikechi, “Evaluation of Effectiveness of Non Destructive Testing Techniques for Inspection of Critical Aircraft Components- A Case of the Kenyan Aviation Industry,” University of Nairobi, pp. 1-117, 2020.
   [Publisher Link]
7. J.Y. Barghout et al., “The Effects of Second Phase Particles, Dislocation Density and Grain Boundaries on the Electrical Conductivity of Aluminium Alloys,” Materials Science Forum, vol. 217‑222, pp. 975‑980, 1996.
   [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]  
8. N. Birbilis and R.G. Buchheit, “Electrochemical Characteristics of Intermetallic Phases in Aluminum Alloys: An Experimental Survey and Discussion,” Journal of the Electrochemical Society, vol. 152, no. 4, pp. 1-12, 2025.
   [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]  
9. J. Soltis, “Passivity Breakdown, Pit Initiation and Propagation of Pits in Metallic Materials – Review,” Corrosion Science, vol. 90, pp. 5-22, 2015.
   [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]  
10. L.C. Abodi et al., “Modeling Localized Aluminum Alloy Corrosion in Chloride Solutions Under Non-Equilibrium Conditions: Steps Toward Understanding Pitting Initiation,” Electrochimica Acta, vol. 63, pp. 169‑178, 2012.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]   
11. R.T.O. AGARDograph, “Corrosion Fatigue and Environmentally Assisted Cracking in Aging Military Vehicles, Technical Report AG–AVT–140, NATO, 2011.
    [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]     
12. J.R. Davis, Corrosion of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys, ASM Technical Books, 1999.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]   
13. Christophe Laurent et al., “The Contribution of Hydrogen Evolution Processes during Corrosion of Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys Investigated by Potentiodynamic Polarisation Coupled with Real-Time Hydrogen Measurement,” Npj Materials Degradation, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-7, 2017.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]   
14. Chi-Min Liao, and Robert P. Wei, “Galvanic Coupling of Model Alloys to Aluminum — A Foundation for Understanding Particle-Induced Pitting in Aluminum Alloys,” Electrochimica Acta, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 881‑888, 1999.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]     
15. R.G. Buchheit et al., “Local Dissolution Phenomena Associated with S Phase (Al₂CuMg) Particles in Aluminum Alloy 2024‐T3,” Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol. 144, no. 8, pp. 2621-2628, 1997.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
16. Valérie Guillaumin, and Georges Mankowski, “Localized Corrosion of 6056 T6 Aluminium Alloy in Chloride Media,” Corrosion Science, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 105‑125, 2000.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
17. M. Reboul and J. Bouvaist, “Study of the Mechanism of Layering Corrosion of Aluminum Alloy 7020,” Pascal and Francis Bibliographic Databases, 1980.
    [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
18. George E. Thompson, “Corrosion and Filming Behaviour of Aluminium and its Alloys,” Materials Science Forum, vol. 217‑222, pp. 95‑106, 1996.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
19. Robert P. Wei, Chi-Min Liao, and Ming Gao, "A Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Constituent-Particle-Induced Corrosion in 7075-T6 and 2024-T3 Aluminum Alloys," Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1153-1160, 1998.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
20. Joffrey Tardelli, “Study of the Electrochemical Behavior of the Intermetallic Phases of 2214-T6 and 7050-T74 Aluminum Alloys: A Multi-Scale Approach to Polyphase Materials,” Doctoral thesis, University of Lorraine, 2012.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
21. A. Boag et al., “Corrosion of AA2024-T3 Part I: Localised Corrosion of Isolated IM Particles,” Corrosion Science, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 17-26, 2011.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] 
22. Minhua Shao et al., “A Study on Pitting Corrosion of Aluminum Alloy 2024-T3 by Scanning Microreference Electrode Technique,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 344, no. 1‑2, pp. 323‑327, 2003.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]  
23. Thang Le Toan, and Nguyen Van Cuong, “Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties and the Corrosion Resistance of the Cobalt-Base Alloy Stellite 6 on 1045 Steel by Laser Cladding,” Engineering, Technology and Applied Science Research, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 23323-23329, 2025.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] 
24. Teguh Dwi Widodo et al., “The Effect of Coating Procedure on the Strength and Corrosion Resistance of Epoxy Coatings on A36 Steel: Pull-Out and Potentiodynamic Analysis,” Engineering, Technology and Applied Science Research, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 27096-27104, 2025.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]  
25. I. Alenezi, “Effects of Heat Treatment on the Corrosion Behavior of ASTM A-36 Steel,” Engineering, Technology and Applied Science Research, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 5320-5324, 2025.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]  
26. Asma Mahdi Ali, Luma Fadhil Hussein, and Raghad Mohammed Khudada, “The Behavior of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Beams under External Loads: A Literature Review,” Engineering, Technology and Applied Science Research, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 27872-27876, 2025. 
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]