Citation :

Kota Srilakshmi Lavanya, Chilukoti Varaha Narasimha Raja, "Hybrid Compensation based Load Frequency Control Using a Cascaded (1+PI)-PID Controller with TCSC and BES in Interconnected Power Systems," International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), vol. 74, no. 7, pp. 128-145, 2026. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V74I7P109

Abstract

In an electrical power system, the operating engineers are more concerned with keeping the frequency at the desirable value. If it deviates from the standard value, it will cause a reduction in operating life and efficiency of the component. This paper presents cascaded 1+PI with PID (1+PI)-PID optimized using the Kookaburra Optimization Algorithm (KOA) for Load Frequency Control (LFC) action, tested on a Two-Area Renewable Penetrated Multi-Source (TARPMS) power system. Nonlinearities are also imposed to model a real system with constraints. The cascaded controller performance is compared with PID using the honey badger algorithm, KOA, and WCA optimized fuzzy PID controller. Furthermore, the controller has also been examined on a Dual Area Thermal-Hydro system (DATH) well-analyzed in the contemporary work. The simulation results demonstrated the superior performance of the presented controller in settling down system deviations compared to the already stated control techniques. However, it is shown that nonlinearity constraints do affect the TARPMS system considerably, and they do need to be accounted. Moreover, it has also been analyzed when TCSC-BES devices have been coupled with the TARPMS system for supplementary control action, which gives more improvement to the system. Finally, robustness analysis is carried out on the TARMPS secondary and supplementary control level.

Keywords

Power system stability, (1+PI)-PID controller, KOA technique, TCSC-BES strategy, Robustness Analysis.

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